Education under Dilma
Between 2010 and 2014 public education spending went from 5.6% to 5.9% of GDP, and the gross tertiary enrollment ratio from 43.8% in 2012 to 47.8% in 2014. The government created Pronatec, the quota law for federal institutions, the legal compulsory schooling from four to seventeen, the allocation of oil royalties to education and the 2014–2024 national plan.
What started
-
National Program for Access to Technical Education and Employment (Pronatec)
Offers technical and qualification courses with a training grant, expanding the federal network and partnerships with the S System.
Series in the event's year (Brazil)
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP): 5.7
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP): 7.0
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population): no data
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population): no data
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population): 81.7
-
Science without Borders
Grants scholarships for study abroad, mostly sandwich undergraduate programs in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
Series in the event's year (Brazil)
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP): 5.7
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP): 7.0
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population): no data
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population): no data
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population): 81.7
-
National Pact for Literacy at the Right Age
Commitment of the three levels of government to make all children literate by the end of the initial cycle, with teacher training; it was succeeded by the More Literacy Program.
Series in the event's year (Brazil)
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP): 5.9
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP): 7.2
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population): 43.8
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population): 94.6
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population): 86.0
-
Quota Law in federal institutions
Reserves half of the places in federal universities and institutes for public-school graduates, with sub-quotas by income and by race and ethnicity.
Series in the event's year (Brazil)
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP): 5.9
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP): 7.2
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population): 43.8
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population): 94.6
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population): 86.0
-
Compulsory basic education from four to seventeen
Amends the LDB to apply the compulsory schooling created by the 2009 amendment.
Series in the event's year (Brazil)
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP): 5.8
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP): 7.3
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population): 45.0
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population): 104.1
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population): 86.7
-
Oil royalties for education and health
Allocates part of oil royalties and special participation to education and health.
Series in the event's year (Brazil)
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP): 5.8
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP): 7.3
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population): 45.0
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population): 104.1
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population): 86.7
-
National Education Plan 2014–2024
Ten-year plan with goals by level and the goal of raising public investment in education as a share of GDP.
Series in the event's year (Brazil)
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP): 5.9
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP): 7.4
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population): 47.8
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population): 102.8
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population): 90.3
Cuts, withholdings and limits
No cut recorded for this period.
Change in the series over the period
From the year before the start to the last year of the period, with an optional lag. Compare with Latin America and neighbors: if all moved together, the change is probably not a government's doing.
no lag
| Indicator | Window | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government expenditure on education (% of GDP) | 2010–2014 | +0.3 p.p. | +0.3 p.p. | +0.6 p.p. | −0.2 p.p. | +0.1 p.p. | +0.1 p.p. |
| Mean years of schooling (UNDP) | 2010–2014 | +0.5 yrs | +0.3 yrs | +0.3 yrs | +0.6 yrs | +0.4 yrs | no data |
| Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2010–2014 | no data | +7.3 p.p. | +17.3 p.p. | +11.6 p.p. | +4.0 p.p. | +5.3 p.p. |
| Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2010–2014 | no data | +7.0 p.p. | +8.9 p.p. | −2.6 p.p. | +10.0 p.p. | +5.6 p.p. |
| Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2010–2014 | no data | +4.4 p.p. | −26.4 p.p. | no data | −30.0 p.p. | −1.7 p.p. |
1-year lag
| Indicator | Window | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government expenditure on education (% of GDP) | 2011–2015 | +0.5 p.p. | +0.5 p.p. | +0.8 p.p. | +0.0 p.p. | +0.1 p.p. | +0.3 p.p. |
| Mean years of schooling (UNDP) | 2011–2015 | +0.5 yrs | +0.2 yrs | +0.7 yrs | +0.5 yrs | +0.4 yrs | no data |
| Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2011–2015 | no data | +6.7 p.p. | +15.6 p.p. | +9.5 p.p. | +3.9 p.p. | +5.1 p.p. |
| Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2011–2015 | no data | +6.6 p.p. | +9.9 p.p. | −3.5 p.p. | +12.6 p.p. | +5.4 p.p. |
| Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2011–2015 | +9.0 p.p. | +5.8 p.p. | −30.9 p.p. | no data | −30.8 p.p. | −3.1 p.p. |
2-year lag
| Indicator | Window | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Government expenditure on education (% of GDP) | 2012–2016 * | +0.5 p.p. | +0.2 p.p. | no data | +0.1 p.p. | −0.1 p.p. | −0.4 p.p. |
| Mean years of schooling (UNDP) | 2012–2016 * | +0.5 yrs | +0.1 yrs | +0.7 yrs | +0.6 yrs | +0.1 yrs | no data |
| Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2012–2016 * | +5.1 p.p. | +8.5 p.p. | +13.8 p.p. | +9.7 p.p. | +9.2 p.p. | +6.0 p.p. |
| Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2012–2016 * | +8.1 p.p. | +6.9 p.p. | +12.0 p.p. | +1.2 p.p. | +12.2 p.p. | +6.2 p.p. |
| Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population) | 2012–2016 * | +10.1 p.p. | +4.7 p.p. | −31.9 p.p. | no data | −32.4 p.p. | −2.3 p.p. |
Pace before and during the government
Yearly change in this window, against the same length immediately before. Talk of a change in pace only when the series moved differently before; even then it does not say why. If Latin America changed pace together, the cause is probably not the government.
| Indicator | Before | During | Latin America & Caribbean: before → during |
|---|---|---|---|
| Government expenditure on education (% of GDP) | +0.19 p.p. | +0.07 p.p. | +0.17 p.p. → +0.02 p.p. |
| Mean years of schooling (UNDP) | +0.14 yrs | +0.13 yrs | no data |
Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)
- Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version: 2026-10-08 · Collected on: 2026-11-01 · License: CC-BY-4.0
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| Year | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | – | 1.8 | 3.5 | – | – |
| 1976 | – | 1.2 | – | – | – |
| 1977 | – | 1.7 | – | – | – |
| 1978 | – | 1.9 | 3.0 | – | – |
| 1979 | – | 2.4 | 3.4 | 1.8 | – |
| 1980 | – | 2.6 | 4.1 | 1.7 | – |
| 1981 | – | – | 4.8 | 2.6 | – |
| 1982 | – | 1.6 | – | – | – |
| 1983 | – | 1.6 | – | – | – |
| 1984 | – | 2.6 | – | 3.0 | – |
| 1985 | – | 1.4 | – | 2.7 | – |
| 1986 | – | 1.3 | – | – | – |
| 1987 | – | 1.3 | 2.8 | – | – |
| 1989 | – | 1.0 | – | 2.7 | 2.3 |
| 1990 | – | 1.1 | 2.2 | – | 2.3 |
| 1991 | – | – | – | – | 2.5 |
| 1992 | – | – | – | – | 3.0 |
| 1993 | – | – | 2.4 | – | – |
| 1994 | – | – | 2.5 | – | 3.5 |
| 1995 | 4.6 | – | 2.6 | – | 3.5 |
| 1996 | – | 3.7 | 2.8 | – | – |
| 1997 | – | – | 3.0 | – | – |
| 1998 | 4.8 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 3.2 |
| 1999 | 3.8 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 4.4 | 3.4 |
| 2000 | 3.9 | 4.6 | 3.8 | 3.5 | 3.8 |
| 2001 | 3.8 | 4.8 | – | 3.7 | 4.0 |
| 2002 | 3.8 | 4.0 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.2 |
| 2003 | – | 3.5 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 4.8 |
| 2004 | 4.0 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| 2005 | 4.5 | 3.9 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 4.6 |
| 2006 | 4.9 | 4.1 | 3.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 |
| 2007 | 5.0 | 4.5 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 4.5 |
| 2008 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 4.6 |
| 2009 | 5.5 | 5.5 | 4.3 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
| 2010 | 5.6 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 4.8 | 4.9 |
| 2011 | 5.7 | 5.3 | 4.1 | 4.5 | 4.9 |
| 2012 | 5.9 | 5.3 | – | 4.4 | 4.9 |
| 2013 | 5.8 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 4.5 |
| 2014 | 5.9 | 5.4 | 4.8 | 4.6 | 5.1 |
| 2015 | 6.2 | 5.8 | 4.9 | 4.5 | 5.1 |
| 2016 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 4.8 |
| 2017 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 4.4 |
| 2018 | 6.1 | 4.9 | 5.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
| 2019 | 6.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 4.5 | – |
| 2020 | 5.8 | 5.3 | 5.6 | 5.3 | 4.5 |
| 2021 | 5.5 | 4.7 | 5.0 | – | 4.2 |
| 2022 | 5.6 | 4.8 | 4.9 | – | 4.1 |
| 2023 | – | 5.0 | – | – | – |
Mean years of schooling (UNDP)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Mean years of schooling (UNDP)
- Source: UNDP — Human Development Report · Source version: HDR 2025 · Collected on: 2026-10-26 · License: CC-BY-3.0-IGO
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| Year | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 3.7 | 8.1 | 8.4 | 6.3 | 5.9 |
| 1991 | 3.8 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 6.0 |
| 1992 | 4.0 | 8.3 | 8.5 | 6.4 | 6.1 |
| 1993 | 4.1 | 8.3 | 8.6 | 6.5 | 6.2 |
| 1994 | 4.3 | 8.4 | 8.7 | 6.6 | 6.2 |
| 1995 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 8.8 | 6.6 | 6.3 |
| 1996 | 4.6 | 8.5 | 8.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| 1997 | 4.8 | 8.6 | 8.9 | 6.7 | 6.4 |
| 1998 | 4.9 | 8.7 | 9.0 | 6.8 | 6.5 |
| 1999 | 5.1 | 8.7 | 9.1 | 6.8 | 6.6 |
| 2000 | 5.3 | 8.8 | 9.1 | 6.9 | 6.7 |
| 2001 | 5.4 | 8.9 | 9.3 | 6.9 | 6.8 |
| 2002 | 5.6 | 9.4 | 9.4 | 7.0 | 7.0 |
| 2003 | 5.8 | 9.9 | 9.6 | 7.0 | 7.1 |
| 2004 | 6.0 | 10.0 | 9.7 | 7.1 | 7.3 |
| 2005 | 6.2 | 10.1 | 9.7 | 7.3 | 7.5 |
| 2006 | 6.3 | 10.2 | 9.8 | 6.8 | 7.9 |
| 2007 | 6.5 | 10.3 | 9.8 | 7.2 | 7.9 |
| 2008 | 6.7 | 10.4 | 10.1 | 7.3 | 7.9 |
| 2009 | 6.8 | 10.5 | 10.0 | 7.3 | 8.1 |
| 2010 | 6.9 | 10.6 | 9.9 | 7.4 | 8.0 |
| 2011 | 7.0 | 10.7 | 9.5 | 7.5 | 8.3 |
| 2012 | 7.2 | 10.8 | 9.8 | 7.6 | 8.5 |
| 2013 | 7.3 | 10.9 | 10.0 | 7.8 | 8.4 |
| 2014 | 7.4 | 10.9 | 10.1 | 8.0 | 8.4 |
| 2015 | 7.5 | 10.9 | 10.3 | 8.1 | 8.6 |
| 2016 | 7.7 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 8.2 | 8.6 |
| 2017 | 7.8 | 11.0 | 10.6 | 8.4 | 8.7 |
| 2018 | 8.0 | 11.1 | 10.8 | 8.5 | 8.9 |
| 2019 | 8.1 | 11.1 | 10.9 | 8.6 | 9.1 |
| 2020 | 8.3 | 11.1 | 11.1 | 8.9 | 9.2 |
| 2021 | 8.4 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 9.0 | 9.3 |
| 2022 | 8.4 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 9.0 | 9.3 |
| 2023 | 8.4 | 11.2 | 11.3 | 9.0 | 9.3 |
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population)
- Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version: 2026-10-08 · Collected on: 2026-11-01 · License: CC-BY-4.0
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| Year | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | – | 26.9 | – | – | – |
| 1976 | – | 26.9 | – | – | – |
| 1977 | – | 24.0 | – | – | – |
| 1978 | – | 21.2 | – | – | – |
| 1979 | – | 22.0 | – | – | – |
| 1980 | – | 21.6 | – | – | – |
| 1981 | – | 23.0 | – | – | – |
| 1982 | – | 23.7 | – | – | – |
| 1983 | – | 24.8 | – | – | – |
| 1984 | – | 28.7 | – | – | – |
| 1985 | – | 35.7 | – | – | – |
| 1986 | – | 37.8 | – | – | – |
| 1987 | – | 39.8 | – | – | – |
| 1991 | – | 38.3 | – | – | – |
| 1994 | – | 37.4 | – | – | – |
| 1998 | – | 48.0 | – | – | – |
| 1999 | – | 49.5 | – | – | – |
| 2000 | – | 54.1 | 35.4 | 25.5 | 20.5 |
| 2001 | – | 58.5 | – | 26.4 | 21.4 |
| 2002 | – | 61.7 | 40.3 | 26.5 | 22.3 |
| 2003 | – | 64.0 | 43.5 | – | 23.0 |
| 2004 | – | 64.6 | 44.3 | 29.5 | 23.7 |
| 2005 | – | 63.5 | 50.3 | 32.3 | 24.1 |
| 2006 | – | 66.9 | 49.3 | 34.4 | 24.6 |
| 2007 | – | 66.7 | 54.7 | 35.5 | 25.1 |
| 2008 | – | 68.6 | 56.8 | 37.9 | 25.8 |
| 2009 | – | 70.7 | 60.0 | 39.5 | 26.2 |
| 2010 | – | 73.8 | 66.3 | 41.5 | 27.2 |
| 2011 | – | 77.0 | 70.8 | 45.3 | 28.0 |
| 2012 | 43.8 | 78.1 | 75.1 | 47.5 | 29.3 |
| 2013 | 45.0 | 78.6 | 79.9 | 50.7 | 30.3 |
| 2014 | 47.8 | 81.1 | 83.7 | 53.2 | 31.2 |
| 2015 | 49.1 | 83.8 | 86.4 | 54.8 | 32.0 |
| 2016 | 49.0 | 86.7 | 88.8 | 57.1 | 38.6 |
| 2017 | 50.7 | 89.3 | 89.9 | 58.4 | 40.3 |
| 2018 | 52.1 | 91.1 | 91.2 | 57.3 | 41.6 |
| 2019 | 53.6 | 95.2 | 92.1 | 56.7 | 43.0 |
| 2020 | 55.5 | 99.4 | 89.1 | 55.7 | 45.2 |
| 2021 | 57.6 | 107.2 | 96.2 | 58.3 | 45.7 |
| 2022 | 61.0 | 107.1 | 99.3 | 59.3 | 46.4 |
| 2023 | – | 107.8 | 104.7 | – | 47.5 |
| 2024 | 69.7 | – | 110.2 | – | 48.2 |
Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population)
- Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version: 2026-10-08 · Collected on: 2026-11-01 · License: CC-BY-4.0
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| Year | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | – | 54.1 | – | – | – |
| 1976 | – | 55.4 | – | – | – |
| 1977 | – | 55.1 | – | – | – |
| 1978 | – | 55.0 | – | – | – |
| 1979 | – | 55.1 | – | – | – |
| 1980 | – | 56.2 | – | – | – |
| 1981 | – | 57.6 | – | – | – |
| 1982 | – | 59.6 | – | – | – |
| 1983 | – | 60.4 | – | – | – |
| 1984 | – | 66.0 | – | – | – |
| 1985 | – | 70.6 | – | – | – |
| 1986 | – | 70.5 | – | – | – |
| 1987 | – | 70.3 | – | – | – |
| 1988 | – | 70.9 | – | – | – |
| 1990 | – | 73.0 | – | – | – |
| 1991 | – | 74.1 | – | – | – |
| 1994 | – | 70.9 | – | – | – |
| 1996 | – | 78.5 | – | – | – |
| 1997 | – | 74.5 | – | – | – |
| 1998 | – | 80.7 | – | – | – |
| 1999 | – | 92.3 | – | – | – |
| 2000 | – | 96.2 | 86.9 | 76.4 | 71.1 |
| 2001 | – | 97.6 | – | – | 72.9 |
| 2002 | – | 97.0 | 89.4 | 78.2 | 75.1 |
| 2003 | – | 96.0 | 90.6 | – | 78.6 |
| 2004 | – | 95.5 | 91.0 | 83.0 | 79.8 |
| 2005 | – | 93.6 | 92.0 | 87.0 | 80.6 |
| 2006 | – | 92.4 | 92.0 | 90.3 | 82.7 |
| 2007 | – | 92.2 | 91.6 | 93.0 | 84.1 |
| 2008 | – | 93.2 | 91.5 | 94.2 | 86.1 |
| 2009 | – | 96.4 | 89.9 | 98.3 | 85.9 |
| 2010 | – | 99.1 | 91.0 | 100.0 | 87.3 |
| 2011 | – | 100.9 | 91.0 | 101.2 | 88.4 |
| 2012 | 94.6 | 102.7 | 89.5 | 97.2 | 90.7 |
| 2013 | 104.1 | 104.5 | 99.2 | 98.1 | 93.3 |
| 2014 | 102.8 | 106.0 | 99.9 | 97.4 | 97.3 |
| 2015 | 101.1 | 107.5 | 100.9 | 97.7 | 101.0 |
| 2016 | 102.7 | 109.6 | 101.5 | 98.4 | 102.9 |
| 2017 | 103.0 | 110.4 | 102.3 | 99.2 | 105.1 |
| 2018 | 104.8 | 109.7 | 103.2 | 100.4 | 106.0 |
| 2019 | 103.7 | 110.5 | 104.4 | 102.0 | 105.5 |
| 2020 | 103.9 | 112.4 | 103.7 | 101.5 | 102.6 |
| 2021 | 106.3 | 115.7 | 106.7 | 103.0 | 98.3 |
| 2022 | 105.7 | 114.1 | 106.1 | 101.6 | 98.4 |
| 2023 | – | 105.6 | 105.8 | – | 102.1 |
| 2024 | 104.1 | – | 105.6 | – | 103.1 |
Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population)
- Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version: 2026-10-08 · Collected on: 2026-11-01 · License: CC-BY-4.0
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| Year | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | – | 35.7 | 48.7 | 4.5 | 12.6 |
| 1976 | – | 37.9 | 51.5 | 5.1 | 13.5 |
| 1977 | – | 39.4 | 58.2 | 5.5 | 15.4 |
| 1978 | – | – | 62.1 | 6.0 | 15.9 |
| 1979 | – | 39.2 | 64.3 | 6.9 | – |
| 1980 | – | 40.1 | 69.0 | 8.1 | 19.5 |
| 1981 | – | 42.4 | 69.1 | 9.2 | 24.7 |
| 1982 | – | 44.2 | 72.3 | 8.5 | 32.4 |
| 1983 | – | 45.2 | – | 9.4 | 38.7 |
| 1984 | – | 48.2 | 68.3 | 11.0 | 43.3 |
| 1985 | – | 50.8 | 78.1 | 11.9 | 49.1 |
| 1986 | – | 53.0 | 80.8 | 11.5 | 54.3 |
| 1987 | – | 57.3 | – | 12.2 | 58.0 |
| 1988 | – | 60.7 | 83.1 | 12.8 | 59.8 |
| 1989 | – | – | 81.0 | 13.4 | 60.7 |
| 1990 | – | – | 82.7 | – | 60.3 |
| 1991 | – | 48.6 | 75.7 | 13.8 | 61.6 |
| 1992 | – | – | 87.3 | 18.7 | 62.2 |
| 1993 | – | – | 90.7 | 20.0 | 62.9 |
| 1994 | – | 47.7 | 91.5 | 24.6 | 64.8 |
| 1995 | – | – | 97.5 | 28.2 | 66.8 |
| 1996 | – | 52.2 | 99.1 | 35.2 | 68.5 |
| 1997 | – | 53.4 | – | – | 70.2 |
| 1998 | – | 54.8 | 74.4 | 36.9 | 71.9 |
| 1999 | – | 55.5 | 77.6 | 38.5 | 73.1 |
| 2000 | – | 58.7 | 79.0 | – | 73.9 |
| 2001 | – | 59.6 | – | – | 74.5 |
| 2002 | – | 60.2 | 77.8 | – | 75.0 |
| 2003 | – | 60.6 | 75.2 | – | 80.0 |
| 2004 | – | 62.3 | 77.7 | – | 82.8 |
| 2005 | – | 63.7 | 81.8 | – | 91.2 |
| 2006 | – | 63.7 | 81.9 | – | 99.5 |
| 2007 | 53.7 | 64.6 | 84.0 | – | 105.7 |
| 2008 | 57.4 | 66.6 | 83.6 | – | 105.4 |
| 2009 | 56.3 | 68.1 | 86.4 | – | 102.5 |
| 2010 | – | 68.9 | 108.2 | – | 101.7 |
| 2011 | 81.7 | 68.9 | 113.3 | – | 102.8 |
| 2012 | 86.0 | 70.6 | 114.3 | – | 104.5 |
| 2013 | 86.7 | 72.2 | 79.0 | – | 71.0 |
| 2014 | 90.3 | 73.2 | 81.7 | – | 71.7 |
| 2015 | 90.7 | 74.7 | 82.3 | – | 72.0 |
| 2016 | 96.2 | 75.3 | 82.4 | – | 72.2 |
| 2017 | 96.7 | 76.1 | 81.8 | – | 73.7 |
| 2018 | 96.5 | 77.2 | 82.2 | – | 72.8 |
| 2019 | 95.5 | 77.8 | 84.8 | – | 71.0 |
| 2020 | 85.9 | 76.2 | 84.5 | 85.9 | 70.6 |
How to assess a government and its policies critically
Other factors that moved the same series
The commodity cycle and employment and income growth until 2013 favored demand for higher and technical education. This page records no education cut in the period; the World Bank enrollment series only start in 2012.
Limitations
The items on this page were written from research in secondary sources, without access to the official texts in the development environment; each item shows whether it was checked against the official record.
Mean years of schooling and adult literacy move slowly by construction and reflect decades of enrollment; a change within one term does not measure that term's policies. Enrollment series by level only start in 2007 or 2012, and the catalog has no learning series or federal spending in reais.
Sources
- Planalto — Legislação federal
- Banco Mundial — World Development Indicators (educação)
- PNUD — Relatório de Desenvolvimento Humano, dados
| # | Number | Origin |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 5.6 | wdi.se_xpd_totl_gd_zs BRA 2010 · World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version 2026-10-08 · Collected on 2026-11-01 |
| 2 | 5.9 | wdi.se_xpd_totl_gd_zs BRA 2014 · World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version 2026-10-08 · Collected on 2026-11-01 |
| 3 | 43.8 | wdi.se_ter_enrr BRA 2012 · World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version 2026-10-08 · Collected on 2026-11-01 |
| 4 | 47.8 | wdi.se_ter_enrr BRA 2014 · World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version 2026-10-08 · Collected on 2026-11-01 |