Indicators

Each indicator has its definition, formula, source, the paper behind the metric and its known criticisms.

IBGE — SIDRA (Continuous PNAD)

Gini index of household income per capita (Continuous PNAD)

Inequality of household income per capita from all sources, at average prices of the year, computed by IBGE from the annual Continuous PNAD.
Median household income per capita at prices of the latest year (Continuous PNAD)

Monthly household income per capita that splits the population in half (half earn less, half more), deflated to the prices of the latest year of the series so years are comparable.
Median habitual labor income at prices of the latest year (Continuous PNAD)

Habitually received monthly labor income that splits employed people in half (half earn less, half more), at prices of the latest year of the series.

Ipea — Ipeadata

Poverty rate with regional lines (PNAD, 1976–2014)

Share of people with household income per capita below the poverty line computed by Ipea, set at twice the extreme poverty line (cost of a food basket meeting FAO/WHO minimum calorie recommendations), with different values for 24 regions of the country.
Gini coefficient of household income per capita (PNAD, 1976–2014)

Inequality of household income per capita computed by Ipea from IBGE's old PNAD survey.

National Treasury — Siconfi (DCA) and Central Bank (IPCA)

Federal spending committed to education (R$ billion, constant prices)

Annual amount of federal spending committed in the Education function (budget commitment, before payment), in R$ billion at prices of the latest full year, deflated by the annual average of the IPCA..
Federal spending paid on education (R$ billion, constant prices)

Annual amount of federal spending paid in the Education function, in R$ billion at prices of the latest full year, deflated by the annual average of the IPCA..
Federal spending paid on vocational education (R$ billion, constant prices)

Annual amount of federal spending paid in the Vocational Education sub-function, in R$ billion at prices of the latest full year, deflated by the annual average of the IPCA..
Federal spending paid on higher education (R$ billion, constant prices)

Annual amount of federal spending paid in the Higher Education sub-function, in R$ billion at prices of the latest full year, deflated by the annual average of the IPCA..
Federal transfers paid to basic education (R$ billion, constant prices)

Annual amount of the Union's spending paid in the Transfers to Basic Education sub-function, in R$ billion at prices of the latest full year, deflated by the annual average of the IPCA.

UNDP — Human Development Report

Expected years of schooling (UNDP)

Years of schooling a child of school-entry age can expect to complete if that year's age-specific enrollment rates hold throughout their school life.
Human Development Index (HDI)

Geometric mean of three dimensions: a long and healthy life (life expectancy), knowledge (expected and mean years of schooling) and standard of living (log of gross national income per capita in PPP).
Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)

HDI discounted for inequality in each dimension (health, education and income).
Mean years of schooling (UNDP)

Average years of schooling completed by the population aged 25 and over.

V-Dem — Varieties of Democracy

Egalitarian democracy index (V-Dem)

Measures to what extent the ideal of egalitarian democracy is achieved: rights and freedoms protected equally across social groups, resources distributed equally across groups and equal access to power.
Liberal democracy index (V-Dem)

Measures to what extent the ideal of liberal democracy is achieved: protection of individual and minority rights against the state and the majority, through protected civil liberties, rule of law, an independent judiciary and checks and balances on the executive.
Electoral democracy index (V-Dem)

Measures to what extent the ideal of electoral democracy is achieved: rulers are responsive to citizens through electoral competition, with extensive suffrage, clean elections, free political and civil society organizations, an elected executive and, between elections, freedom of expression and an independent media.

World Bank — World Development Indicators

Consumer price inflation (annual %)

Annual change in the consumer price index: how much more expensive, on average, a fixed basket of goods and services became.
Research and development expenditure (% of GDP)

Gross domestic expenditure on research and development, public and private, as a share of GDP.
GDP per capita (constant 2015 US$)

Gross domestic product divided by midyear population, in constant 2015 US dollars (inflation removed).
GDP per capita, purchasing power parity (constant 2021 international $)

GDP divided by midyear population, converted by purchasing power parity to constant 2021 international dollars.
Adult literacy rate (% of people aged 15 and over)

Share of people aged 15 and over who can both read and write, with understanding, a short simple statement about everyday life.
Gross pre-primary enrollment (% of school-age population)

Pre-primary enrollment of any age as a share of the population of the official pre-primary age group.
Gross primary enrollment (% of school-age population)

Primary enrollment of any age as a share of the population of the official primary age group.
Gross secondary enrollment (% of school-age population)

Secondary enrollment of any age as a share of the population of the official secondary age group.
Gross tertiary enrollment (% of school-age population)

Tertiary enrollment of any age as a share of the population in the five-year age group after secondary school.
Government expenditure on education (% of GDP)

General government expenditure on education, current and capital, as a share of GDP.
Extreme poverty: population below $3.00 a day (2021 PPP)

Share of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power parity (PPP).
Gini index (income or consumption)

Measures how far the distribution of income (or consumption) among individuals departs from a perfectly equal distribution.
Infant mortality (per 1,000 live births)

Number of children dying before age one per 1,000 live births in the year.
Life expectancy at birth (years)

How many years a person born in the year would live on average if that year's age-specific mortality rates held throughout their life.
Researchers in R&D (per million people)

Professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products and methods, per million people.

World Bank — Worldwide Governance Indicators

Control of corruption (WGI)

Perceptions of the extent to which public power is exercised for private gain, including petty and grand corruption.
Government effectiveness (WGI)

Perceptions of the quality of public services, the civil service, and policy formulation and implementation.
Voice and accountability (WGI)

Perceptions of the extent to which citizens can choose their government, and of freedom of expression, association and the press.