Poverty rate with regional lines (PNAD, 1976–2014)

ipeadata.disoc_ppy · Ipea — Ipeadata · DISOC_PPY

Definition

Share of people with household income per capita below the poverty line computed by Ipea, set at twice the extreme poverty line (cost of a food basket meeting FAO/WHO minimum calorie recommendations), with different values for 24 regions of the country. Computed from the old PNAD; Ipea stopped updating it in 2014.

Formula: P₀ = Σ wᵢ·1[yᵢ < zᵣ] / Σ wᵢ, with survey weights wᵢ and a line zᵣ specific to region r (FGT index with α = 0).
Unit: %
License: LicenseRef-Ipeadata-reuse-with-attribution

This visualization is descriptive and does not show that a government caused the change. See the methodology.

Poverty rate with regional lines (PNAD, 1976–2014)

%. Background bands: Brazil's presidents. Years with data: Brazil: 1976–2014 (34 years).

Poverty rate with regional lines (PNAD, 1976–2014): Source: Ipea — Ipeadata · Source version: 2016-01-06 · Collected on: 2026-10-26 · License: LicenseRef-Ipeadata-reuse-with-attribution · Paper behind the metric: Foster, J
Series breaks: 1992: PNAD redesigned in 1992 (new questionnaire and labor and income concepts). 2004: PNAD starts covering the rural North region (except Tocantins, already covered).
Download data (CSV) · View the code: collection code · chart.ts

View the data as a table

Year	Brazil
1976	42.1
1977	39.1
1978	42.7
1979	38.7
1981	40.8
1982	41.0
1983	48.7
1984	48.3
1985	42.0
1986	26.4
1987	38.7
1988	43.6
1989	41.4
1990	41.9
1992	42.1 †
1993	43.0
1995	35.1
1996	34.7
1997	35.2
1998	34.0
1999	35.3
2001	35.1
2002	34.4
2003	35.8
2004	33.7 †
2005	30.8
2006	26.8
2007	25.4
2008	22.6
2009	21.4
2011	18.4
2012	15.9
2013	15.1
2014	13.3

† series break

Criticisms of the metric

National and international poverty lines give very different levels; compare trends, not levels, with the World Bank series.
In 1986 the rate drops sharply and rises again in 1987, coinciding with the Cruzado Plan price freeze; read that year with caution.
No data in census years (1980, 1991, 2000, 2010) or in 1994.

Series breaks

1992: PNAD redesigned in 1992 (new questionnaire and labor and income concepts).
2004: PNAD starts covering the rural North region (except Tocantins, already covered).

References

Foster, J., Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1984). A class of decomposable poverty measures. Econometrica, 52(3), 761–766. doi:10.2307/1913475
Barros, R. P., Henriques, R., & Mendonça, R. (2000). Desigualdade e pobreza no Brasil: retrato de uma estabilidade inaceitável. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 15(42), 123–142. doi:10.1590/S0102-69092000000100009
Ipeadata — série DISOC_PPY. http://www.ipeadata.gov.br/

Download data (CSV)