Gini coefficient of household income per capita (PNAD, 1976–2014)

ipeadata.disoc_rdcg · Ipea — Ipeadata · DISOC_RDCG

Definition

Inequality of household income per capita computed by Ipea from IBGE's old PNAD survey. The longest series available for Brazil and the only one covering the 1980s. Ipea stopped updating it in 2014; the old PNAD ran until 2015 and was then replaced by the Continuous PNAD.

Formula: G = 1 − 2·∫₀¹ L(p) dp, over household income per capita reported in PNAD, using survey weights.
Unit: index (0 to 1)
License: LicenseRef-Ipeadata-reuse-with-attribution

This visualization is descriptive and does not show that a government caused the change. See the methodology.

Gini coefficient of household income per capita (PNAD, 1976–2014)

index (0 to 1). Background bands: Brazil's presidents. Years with data: Brazil: 1976–2014 (34 years).

Gini coefficient of household income per capita (PNAD, 1976–2014): Source: Ipea — Ipeadata · Source version: 2016-01-06 · Collected on: 2026-10-26 · License: LicenseRef-Ipeadata-reuse-with-attribution · Paper behind the metric: Barros, R
Series breaks: 1992: PNAD redesigned in 1992 (new questionnaire and labor and income concepts). 2004: PNAD starts covering the rural North region (except Tocantins, already covered).
Download data (CSV) · View the code: collection code · chart.ts

View the data as a table

Year	Brazil
1976	0.623
1977	0.625
1978	0.604
1979	0.593
1981	0.584
1982	0.591
1983	0.596
1984	0.589
1985	0.598
1986	0.588
1987	0.601
1988	0.616
1989	0.636
1990	0.614
1992	0.583 †
1993	0.604
1995	0.601
1996	0.602
1997	0.602
1998	0.600
1999	0.594
2001	0.596
2002	0.589
2003	0.583
2004	0.572 †
2005	0.570
2006	0.563
2007	0.556
2008	0.546
2009	0.543
2011	0.531
2012	0.530
2013	0.527
2014	0.518

† series break

Criticisms of the metric

No data in 1980, 1991, 2000 and 2010 (census years, no PNAD) or in 1994; missing years must not be interpolated.
Until 2004 PNAD did not cover the rural North region (except Tocantins).
With high inflation in the 1980s and early 1990s, income reported for the reference month is noisier.
Underestimates top incomes, like every household survey (see the World Bank Gini).

Series breaks

1992: PNAD redesigned in 1992 (new questionnaire and labor and income concepts).
2004: PNAD starts covering the rural North region (except Tocantins, already covered).

References

Barros, R. P., Henriques, R., & Mendonça, R. (2000). Desigualdade e pobreza no Brasil: retrato de uma estabilidade inaceitável. Revista Brasileira de Ciências Sociais, 15(42), 123–142. doi:10.1590/S0102-69092000000100009
Ipeadata — série DISOC_RDCG. http://www.ipeadata.gov.br/

Download data (CSV)