Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)

undp_hdr.ihdi · UNDP — Human Development Report · ihdi

Definition

HDI discounted for inequality in each dimension (health, education and income). With no inequality it would equal the HDI; the gap between the two is the human development lost to inequality. Available since 2010.

Formula: IHDI = Π (1 − Aₓ)·Iₓ raised to 1/3, where Aₓ is the Atkinson inequality measure (ε = 1) of dimension x.
Unit: index (0 to 1)
License: CC-BY-3.0-IGO

This visualization is descriptive and does not show that a government caused the change. See the methodology.

Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI)

Brazil
Argentina
Chile
Colombia
Mexico

index (0 to 1). Background bands: Brazil's presidents, not those of the chart's other geographies. Years with data: all series: 2010–2023.

Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI): Source: UNDP — Human Development Report · Source version: HDR 2025 · Collected on: 2026-10-26 · License: CC-BY-3.0-IGO · Paper behind the metric: Atkinson, A
Download data (CSV) · View the code: collection code · chart.ts

View the data as a table

Year	Brazil	Argentina	Chile	Colombia	Mexico
2010	0.566	0.723	0.670	0.543	0.578
2011	0.569	0.732	0.679	0.552	0.583
2012	0.529	0.739	0.686	0.560	0.588
2013	0.539	0.741	0.702	0.568	0.589
2014	0.545	0.744	0.706	0.574	0.597
2015	0.549	0.748	0.717	0.585	0.601
2016	0.579	0.747	0.721	0.591	0.613
2017	0.581	0.752	0.720	0.598	0.616
2018	0.585	0.750	0.724	0.599	0.630
2019	0.589	0.750	0.725	0.595	0.633
2020	0.598	0.742	0.701	0.574	0.618
2021	0.582	0.743	0.708	0.571	0.616
2022	0.589	0.754	0.715	0.587	0.639
2023	0.594	0.761	0.723	0.593	0.646

† series break

Criticisms of the metric

Income inequality comes from household surveys, which underestimate the top of the distribution (see the Gini criticisms).
Each dimension is adjusted separately; the index does not capture whether the same people accumulate deprivations in health, education and income.
Changes in the surveys used for each country create jumps that are not real changes.

References

Atkinson, A. B. (1970). On the measurement of inequality. Journal of Economic Theory, 2(3), 244–263. doi:10.1016/0022-0531(70)90039-6
UNDP. Human Development Report 2025 — Technical notes. https://hdr.undp.org/data-center/documentation-and-downloads

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