Consumer price inflation (annual %)
Definition
Annual change in the consumer price index: how much more expensive, on average, a fixed basket of goods and services became. In Brazil it reached thousands of percent a year before the Real Plan (1994); read the series on a log scale.
- Formula
- πₜ = (CPIₜ / CPIₜ₋₁ − 1) × 100.
- Unit
- %
- License
- CC-BY-4.0
Consumer price inflation (annual %)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Latin America & Caribbean
- World
- Consumer price inflation (annual %)
- Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version: 2026-10-08 · Collected on: 2026-11-01 · License: CC-BY-4.0
· Paper behind the metric: Boskin, M
Download data (CSV) · View the code: collection code · chart.ts
View the data as a table
| Year | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1975 | – | – | 374.7 | 23.4 | 14.9 | 16.8 | – |
| 1976 | – | – | 211.9 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 9.8 | – |
| 1977 | – | – | 92.0 | 33.8 | 29.1 | 10.7 | – |
| 1978 | – | – | 40.1 | 17.8 | 17.5 | 10.3 | – |
| 1979 | – | – | 33.4 | 24.1 | 18.2 | 14.7 | – |
| 1980 | – | – | 35.1 | 26.6 | 26.4 | 17.9 | – |
| 1981 | 101.7 | – | 19.7 | 27.5 | 27.9 | 14.0 | 12.4 |
| 1982 | 100.5 | – | 9.9 | 24.7 | 58.9 | 7.8 | 10.2 |
| 1983 | 135.0 | – | 27.3 | 19.6 | 101.9 | 10.2 | 8.7 |
| 1984 | 192.1 | – | 19.9 | 16.2 | 65.4 | 11.5 | 8.1 |
| 1985 | 226.0 | – | 30.7 | 24.1 | 57.7 | 13.0 | 6.8 |
| 1986 | 147.1 | – | 19.5 | 18.8 | 86.2 | 9.8 | 5.8 |
| 1987 | 228.3 | – | 19.9 | 23.3 | 131.8 | 11.5 | 5.7 |
| 1988 | 629.1 | – | 14.7 | 28.1 | 114.2 | 8.0 | 7.1 |
| 1989 | 1,430.7 | – | 17.0 | 25.9 | 20.0 | 11.4 | 6.9 |
| 1990 | 2,947.7 | – | 26.0 | 29.2 | 26.7 | 21.5 | 8.1 |
| 1991 | 432.8 | – | 21.8 | 30.4 | 22.7 | 21.6 | 9.0 |
| 1992 | 952.0 | – | 15.4 | 27.0 | 15.5 | 10.6 | 7.6 |
| 1993 | 1,927.4 | – | 12.7 | 22.4 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 7.1 |
| 1994 | 2,075.9 | – | 11.4 | 22.8 | 7.0 | 9.7 | 10.2 |
| 1995 | 66.0 | – | 8.2 | 20.9 | 35.0 | 10.2 | 9.1 |
| 1996 | 15.8 | – | 7.4 | 20.8 | 34.4 | 7.4 | 6.5 |
| 1997 | 6.9 | – | 6.1 | 18.5 | 20.6 | 6.9 | 5.6 |
| 1998 | 3.2 | – | 5.1 | 18.7 | 15.9 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
| 1999 | 4.9 | – | 3.3 | 10.9 | 16.6 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
| 2000 | 7.0 | – | 3.8 | 9.2 | 9.5 | 4.6 | 3.4 |
| 2001 | 6.8 | – | 3.6 | 8.0 | 6.4 | 4.1 | 3.8 |
| 2002 | 8.5 | – | 2.5 | 6.4 | 5.0 | 4.0 | 2.9 |
| 2003 | 14.7 | – | 2.8 | 7.1 | 4.5 | 3.7 | 3.0 |
| 2004 | 6.6 | – | 1.1 | 5.9 | 4.7 | 4.4 | 3.5 |
| 2005 | 6.9 | – | 3.1 | 5.1 | 4.0 | 4.4 | 4.1 |
| 2006 | 4.2 | – | 3.4 | 4.3 | 3.6 | 4.3 | 4.3 |
| 2007 | 3.6 | – | 4.4 | 5.5 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 4.8 |
| 2008 | 5.7 | – | 8.7 | 7.0 | 5.1 | 8.1 | 8.9 |
| 2009 | 4.9 | – | 0.4 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 2.5 | 2.9 |
| 2010 | 5.0 | – | 1.4 | 2.3 | 4.2 | 3.5 | 3.3 |
| 2011 | 6.6 | – | 3.3 | 3.4 | 3.4 | 4.9 | 4.8 |
| 2012 | 5.4 | – | 3.0 | 3.2 | 4.1 | 3.8 | 3.7 |
| 2013 | 6.2 | – | 1.8 | 2.0 | 3.8 | 2.5 | 2.6 |
| 2014 | 6.3 | – | 4.7 | 2.9 | 4.0 | 3.4 | 2.4 |
| 2015 | 9.0 | – | 4.3 | 5.0 | 2.7 | 1.9 | 1.4 |
| 2016 | 8.7 | – | 3.8 | 7.5 | 2.8 | 1.7 | 1.6 |
| 2017 | 3.4 | – | 2.2 | 4.3 | 6.0 | 2.2 | 2.3 |
| 2018 | 3.7 | 34.3 | 2.4 | 3.2 | 4.9 | 2.4 | 2.5 |
| 2019 | 3.7 | 53.5 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.2 | 2.2 |
| 2020 | 3.2 | 42.0 | 3.0 | 2.5 | 3.4 | 1.5 | 1.9 |
| 2021 | 8.3 | 48.4 | 4.5 | 3.5 | 5.7 | 3.9 | 3.5 |
| 2022 | 9.3 | 72.4 | 11.6 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 8.1 | 8.0 |
| 2023 | 4.6 | 133.5 | 7.6 | 11.7 | 5.5 | 4.6 | 5.7 |
| 2024 | 4.4 | 219.9 | 4.3 | 6.6 | 4.7 | 3.5 | 3.0 |
| 2025 | 5.0 | – | 4.2 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 2.1 | 3.0 |
Criticisms of the metric
- A fixed basket overstates the cost of living: consumers substitute away from goods that become pricier, and product quality improves (Boskin et al., 1998).
- Stabilization plans in the 1980s and 1990s involved price freezes and currency changes; official indices for those months are contested.
References
- Boskin, M. J., Dulberger, E. R., Gordon, R. J., Griliches, Z., & Jorgenson, D. W. (1998). Consumer prices, the consumer price index, and the cost of living. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(1), 3–26. doi:10.1257/jep.12.1.3