Extreme poverty: population below $3.00 a day (2021 PPP)
Definition
Share of the population living on less than $3.00 a day at 2021 purchasing power parity (PPP). This is the World Bank's international extreme poverty line.
- Formula
- P₀ = Σ wᵢ·1[yᵢ < z] / Σ wᵢ, with survey weights wᵢ and z = $3.00/day 2021 PPP (FGT index with α = 0).
- Unit
- %
- License
- CC-BY-4.0
Extreme poverty: population below $3.00 a day (2021 PPP)
- Brazil
- Argentina
- Chile
- Colombia
- Mexico
- Latin America & Caribbean
- World
- Extreme poverty: population below $3.00 a day (2021 PPP)
- Source: World Bank — World Development Indicators · Source version: 2026-10-08 · Collected on: 2026-11-01 · License: CC-BY-4.0
· Paper behind the metric: Foster, J
Series breaks: 2012: Brazil: PNAD replaced by the Continuous PNAD. 2020: Brazil: in 2020–2021 income comes from the Continuous PNAD 5th visit (pandemic). 2022: Brazil: return to the Continuous PNAD 1st visit.
Download data (CSV) · View the code: collection code · chart.ts
View the data as a table
| Year | Brazil | Argentina | Chile | Colombia | Mexico | Latin America & Caribbean | World |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1980 | – | 0.0 | – | 28.5 | – | – | – |
| 1981 | 30.7 | – | – | – | – | 20.0 | 47.1 |
| 1982 | 31.0 | – | – | – | – | 20.7 | 46.7 |
| 1983 | 37.7 | – | – | – | – | 23.8 | 46.1 |
| 1984 | 36.9 | – | – | – | 15.0 | 23.4 | 45.5 |
| 1985 | 32.4 | – | – | – | – | 21.8 | 44.7 |
| 1986 | 16.7 | 1.3 | – | – | – | 16.7 | 43.8 |
| 1987 | 25.5 | 1.5 | 21.7 | – | – | 19.5 | 43.3 |
| 1988 | 28.1 | – | – | 21.4 | – | 20.0 | 42.1 |
| 1989 | 25.7 | – | – | 21.3 | 14.8 | 19.2 | 43.6 |
| 1990 | 30.3 | – | 16.0 | – | – | 20.7 | 43.4 |
| 1991 | – | 1.3 | – | 19.3 | – | 20.1 | 43.1 |
| 1992 | 29.4 | 2.5 | 11.1 | 16.0 | 13.3 | 20.2 | 42.5 |
| 1993 | 28.2 | 2.9 | – | – | – | 20.1 | 42.1 |
| 1994 | – | 2.7 | 10.5 | – | 13.6 | 19.5 | 40.7 |
| 1995 | 19.5 | 5.1 | – | – | – | 18.5 | 39.4 |
| 1996 | 20.7 | 5.4 | 8.0 | 24.8 | 21.7 | 19.9 | 38.1 |
| 1997 | 20.4 | 5.2 | – | – | – | 19.4 | 37.7 |
| 1998 | 19.1 | 5.7 | 7.4 | – | 21.9 | 19.2 | 37.9 |
| 1999 | 20.0 | 5.9 | – | 28.2 | – | 19.5 | 37.3 |
| 2000 | – | 7.3 | 8.6 | 23.9 | 16.3 | 18.1 | 36.2 |
| 2001 | 17.5 | 10.7 | – | 29.6 | – | 17.9 | 35.3 |
| 2002 | 16.2 | 17.1 | – | 21.2 | 12.8 | 17.1 | 33.7 |
| 2003 | 17.1 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 19.8 | – | 16.6 | 32.2 |
| 2004 | 15.3 | 6.0 | – | 19.2 | 11.0 | 15.3 | 30.3 |
| 2005 | 13.7 | 4.4 | – | 16.8 | 11.7 | 14.2 | 28.3 |
| 2006 | 11.4 | 3.5 | 3.3 | – | 9.0 | 12.0 | 27.0 |
| 2007 | 10.8 | 2.8 | – | – | – | 10.8 | 25.3 |
| 2008 | 9.1 | 2.6 | – | 16.3 | 10.1 | 9.9 | 24.1 |
| 2009 | 8.4 | 2.4 | 2.6 | 15.1 | – | 9.5 | 23.1 |
| 2010 | – | 1.5 | – | 13.3 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 21.0 |
| 2011 | 7.1 | 1.2 | 1.7 | 11.3 | – | 7.7 | 19.1 |
| 2012 | 6.4 † | 1.3 | – | 12.7 | 7.3 | 7.5 | 17.8 |
| 2013 | 5.4 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 11.8 | – | 6.8 | 15.5 |
| 2014 | 4.8 | 1.1 | – | 10.9 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 14.5 |
| 2015 | 5.4 | – | 0.7 | 10.2 | – | 6.0 | 13.4 |
| 2016 | 6.5 | 1.3 | – | 10.1 | 4.4 | 6.2 | 12.6 |
| 2017 | 7.0 | 1.1 | 0.5 | 9.5 | – | 6.2 | 11.8 |
| 2018 | 6.9 | 1.6 | – | 9.8 | 3.9 | 6.1 | 11.1 |
| 2019 | 7.0 | 1.7 | – | 11.3 | – | 6.2 | – |
| 2020 | 2.8 † | 2.2 | 1.7 | 15.8 | 4.3 | 5.8 | 11.4 |
| 2021 | 7.5 | 1.4 | – | 11.2 | – | 6.2 | 11.3 |
| 2022 | 4.9 † | 1.3 | 0.6 | 9.3 | 2.3 | 5.0 | 10.9 |
| 2023 | 3.8 | 1.2 | – | 8.6 | – | 4.6 | 10.5 |
| 2024 | 3.0 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 8.5 | 1.6 | 4.3 | 10.1 |
Criticisms of the metric
- The headcount ignores how far below the line people are; FGT indices with α = 1 and α = 2 capture depth and severity (Foster, Greer and Thorbecke, 1984).
- The international line is derived from low-income countries and is low for a middle-income country such as Brazil (Ravallion, Chen and Sangraula, 2009).
- PPP revisions shift the level of the whole series retroactively.
Series breaks
- 2012 (BRA): Brazil: PNAD replaced by the Continuous PNAD.
- 2020 (BRA): Brazil: in 2020–2021 income comes from the Continuous PNAD 5th visit (pandemic).
- 2022 (BRA): Brazil: return to the Continuous PNAD 1st visit.
References
- Foster, J., Greer, J., & Thorbecke, E. (1984). A class of decomposable poverty measures. Econometrica, 52(3), 761–766. doi:10.2307/1913475
- Ravallion, M., Chen, S., & Sangraula, P. (2009). Dollar a day revisited. The World Bank Economic Review, 23(2), 163–184. doi:10.1093/wber/lhp007